Antimicrobic compositions and process for protection of organic materials therewith



United States Patent ANTIMICROBIC COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR PROTECTION 0F ORGANIC MATERIALS THEREWITH Jakob Bindler and Ernst Model, Reihen, near Basel, Switzerland, assignors to Geigy Chemical Corporation, Ardsley, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware N0 Drawing. Original application June 15, 1962, Ser. No. 202,657, new Patent No. 3,251,733, dated May 17, 1966. Divided and this application Jan. 20, 1966, Ser. No. 536,223

2 Claims. (Cl. 167-33) This application is a division of Serial No. 202,657, filed June 15, 1962, now US. Patent No. 3,251,733, issue-d May 17, 1966.

The present invention concerns antimicnobic agents and their use for the combatting of fungi and bacteria and for the protection of organic materials and objects from attack by fungi and bacteria and/ or injury due to rotting.

By antimicrobic agents in the present application are means protective agents against fungi and bacteria which contain active ingredients having fungicidal or .fungistatic and also bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties.

It has been found that araliphatic ketones having two benzene nuclei joined together either direct or by way of an oxygen or sulphur atom or by way of a -SO, SO or CH group, and if they are bound by way of one of the bridging members mentioned there can be present an additional direct linkage of the two benzene nuclei with formation of a S-membered middle ring, one of the two benzene nuclei being substituted by the chloroacetyl group COCH CI, and this benzene nucleus also contains a hydroxyl group as further substituent if it is bound to the second benzene nucleus only by the direct linkage, and the second benzene nucleus is unsubstituted or only contains one su-bstituent i.e. a chlorine atom in any position desired or a nitro or a methylsulphonyl group in p-position to the linking carbon atom, which substituent, if the benzene nuclei are linked together direct or only by way of oxygen, can also be replaced by a chloroacetyl group in the p-position, have excellent antimicrobic, particularly fungicidal or fungistatic and at the same time bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties. In addition they are not very toxic to warm blooded animals and have, in practice, no inflammatory action on the skin or eyes of said animals. They are thus excellently suitable as active substances for combatting fungi and bacteria as well as for the protection of organic materials, from attack by fung' and bacteria and from injury by rot.

The following compounds covered by the formulae given below are embraced by the above general definition of antimicrobic active substances used according to the invention:

(a) Chloroacetylated hydroxydiphenyls of the general formula:

ClCHzCO (I) wherein n is the number 0 or 1, and

R is a chlorine atom is any position desired or a nitro,

methylsulphonyl or monochloroacetyd group in the pposition to the .bond linking the nuclei, but R being preferably the monochloroacetyl group in p-position.

(b) Chloroacetylated diphenyl ethers, diphenyl sulphides, diphenyl sulphones, diphenyll sulphoxides and diphenyl methanes of the general formula:

3,293,124 Patented Dec. 20, 1966 2 0101120 0Q @(Rh 'ice wherein (c) Chloroacetylated di benzofurans (diphenylene oxides), dibenzothiophenes (diphenyjlene sulphides), diphenylene sulphones, diphenylene sulphoxides and fluorenes of the general formula:

wherein X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a -SO,

R represents a chlorine atom in any position desired or a nitro or methylsul-phonyl group, and

n represents the number 0 or 1.

In the latter group, those compounds are preferred in which X is an oxygen atom or the methylene group -CH and n is 0. (Dibenzofuranes and fluorenes.)

Active substances usable according to the invention which have a chloroacetyl group in each of the two benzene nuclei are therefore: bis-chloroacetyl monohydroxydiphe-nyls and bis-chloroacetyl diphenyl ethers.

Up to now such araliphatic ketones have been used in particular as starting materials or intermediates in the production of dyestuffs and pharmaceuticals etc. Nothing, however, has been known with regard to a bactericidal and/ or fungicidal action of these compounds.

Those of the active substances to be used according to the invention can easily be produced by known methods.

They are obtained, for example, from diphenyls, diphenyl ethers, diphenyl sulphides, diphenyll methanes, dibenzo-furans fluorenes etc. possibly substituted as defined, by reaction with 1 or 2 mols of chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl according to Friedel-Crafts.

Also, on reacting diphenyl ether, diphenyl methane, dibenzofuran or fluorene with acetyl chloride according to Friedel-Crafts, first the 'acetyl group can be introduced into the molecule and then it can be chlorinated.

Chloroacetyl diphenyl sulphones and chloroacetyl diphenyl sulphoxides can be produced by oxidising the acetyl-diphenyl sulphides produced above according to Friedel-Crafts and then chlorinating the acetyl group.

In general the active substances according to the invention are colourless to pale yellowish coloured bodies which can be purified either by distillation under reduced pressure or by recrystallisation. They are insoluble in water but are easily soluble in the usual organic solvents. This solubility in organic solvents which are used for the so-called dry cleaning of fabrics, enable the active substances to be applied as organic solutions in the form of sprays or dry cleaners in the presence of neutral wetting and cleansing agents. In addition, the active substances can be mixed into paper treatment liquors or printing thickeners made from starch or cellulose derivatives or they can be used for the impregnation of wood. Also in objects made of synthetic resin such as, e.g. polyvinyl :hloride films etc. as well as in lacquers and paints which :ontain, e.g. casein or synthetic resin, an effective protecion from attack by fungi and bacteria is obtained with he substances usable according to the invention.

substances which tend to mould or rot such as leather, vegetable or animal mucilages and jells, permanent sizings made from polyvinyl compounds etc. can be pro tected.

The following compounds can be used, lior example, 5 The good activity of the active substances to be used [S antimicrobic active substances according to the inaccording to the invention against bacteria and fungi 'ention: can be seen from the laboratory test described below:

' By producing solutions of varying concentration of the T'zli iff l i fi g gf 1 active substance to be tested in ethylene glycol monoi l F l methyl ether (methyl Cellosolve) and adding 1.25% of T wi q g 1P eny these methyl Cellosolve solutions to 20 ml. of agar, nul f i 3. i 1 th trient mediums are produced which contain the followgq f ing 8 final concentrations of active substance in Film. Grease y om my 6 (=parts of active substance per 10 parts substratum): -chloroacetyl-2 -chlorod1phenyl ether, th 1 1 h h 16th 3-00, 100, 30, 10,3, 1, 0.3 andO.l. I gf -i a a 5 any After the agar nutrient medium has solidified, 24 hour 'o-roace y eny 6 old cultures of the following bacteria and fungi are in- ,4 -b1s-chloroacetyl-diphenyl ether, oculated --chloroacetyl-diphenyl sulphide, --chloroacetyl4'-chlorodiphenyl sulphide, Bacteria: Fungl hl l i h l it h Staphylococcus aureus SC 511 .Aspergillus niger. -chloroacetyl-diphenylmethane, Escherichia col'i '96 -Penicillium expansum. donochloroacetyl-fluorene, Bacillus mesentericus Prism-him oxysporum. Ihloroacetyl-di-benzofuran (chloroacetyl-diphenylene SarCilm [W611 "Candida 1111.611115- 25 The dishes inoculated with bacteria are incubated for These and other active substances to be used accord 48 hours at 37 Whilst the nutrient mediums inoculated rig to the invention are distinguished by very slight toxicity Wlth fung} are kept for 5 at i of o warm blooded animals and cause no irritation to eyes the orgamsms on the agar medium is then usually Judged 1nd skin of the animals. These active substances can also Th6 followmg t the results. the test; the used in practically neutral synthetic Washing and 30 lowestconcentration of active substance in ppm. (:parts :le-ansing agents in solid form such as tablets or bars, of actwe, b Paris vhich agents contain, for example, non-ionogenic prodstance) 1S gwen Wlth which a Comp etc m 1 won 0 lots or fatty acid condensation products as wash active growth f :ornponent. The active substances according to the in- The fol owlng actlve Su stances were teste 'ention have a good action both against bacteria as Well (I) 4-chloroacetyl diphenyl ether,

[8 against fungi and they are distinguished in particular (ll) 4-chloroacetyl-4-chlorodiphenyl ether, )y their surprisingly broad range of action. The bac- (III) 4-chloroacetyl-3'-chlorodiphenyl ether, ericidal action covers both gram positive as we'll as gram (IV) 4-chloroacetyl-2'-chlorodiphenyl ether, iegative bacteria. Another advantage is their colourless- (V) 4-chloroacetyl-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether, less or only slight colour which enables them to be used 40 (VI) 4-chlor0acetyl diphenyl sulphide,

for many purposes for which the known strongly coloured (VII) 4-chloroacetyl diphenyl sulphone, :ompounds are not suitable. (VIII) 4-chloroacetyl diphenylmethane,

The antimicrobic active substance is applied to the (IX) chloroacetyl-dibenzofuran (chloroacetyl diphenyl- Jrganic material to be protected either by simply admixene oxide),

ng or incorporating the active substance or spraying or (X) 4-chloroacetyll'unethylsulphodiphenyl ether,

.mpregnating with solutions or suspensions of the active (XI) 4,4'-bis-chl0roacetyl diphenyl ether,

;ubstance. In general, contents of 5 to 20 g. of active (XII) Z-hydroxy-S-chloroacetyl diphenyl,

nrbstance per litre of treatment liquor are sufiicient for (XIII) 2-hydroxy-5,4'-bis-chloroacetyl diphenyl;

TABLE Bacteria Fungi Substance Staph. Esch. Bac. Sarc. Asp. Pm. Fus. Cami. our. colt mesent. Zut. nig. exp. ozysp. alb.

in eifective protection of the sprayed or impregnated naterial from attack by fungi and bacteria, rot or formaii-on or mildew spots. Organic material with a content of 0.5 to 2% active substance, calculated on the Weight of the material, is generally effectively and lastingly protected against attack by fungi. Organic materials to be protected are mainly cellulose materials such as cellulose, wood, paper, materials having a synthetic resin basis and From the above table the uniformly wide action spectrum and the excellent action of the substances used according to the invention, which also covers gram-negative bacteria such as, e.g. Escherichia coli, can be seen. The active substances of general Formulae I to III used according to the invention can also be used in combination with other fungicidal and/ or bactericidal substances, e.g. with halogenated salicylic acid alkylamides and anilides,

also lacquers and paints. However, also other organic halogenated diphenyl ureas, halogenated benzoxazolones,

polychlorohydroxy-diphenylmethanes, halogenated dioxydiphenyl sulphides etc.

On using the active substances according to the invention simultaneously with other bactericidal or fungicidal compounds, often a better action can be determined than would have been expected from the sum of the two effects (synergism) In the fungistatic test, mixtures of 1-lauryl-2-iminoimidazolidine hydrochloride with many of the active substances according to the invention, show a clear synergistic increase of action. The same is true of mixtures of the active substances according to the invention with 3,4,4- trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl urea.

In the bacteriostatic test, mixtures of active substances according to the invention with known bacteriostatica such as 2-hydroxy-3,S-dichlorobenzoic acid-3,4'-dichloroanilide, hexachlorophene, 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4'-diclilorodiphenyl urea etc. also show a clear synergistic increase of action.

Where not otherwise stated, in the following application examples parts are given as parts by weight. Percentages are to be understood as percentages by weight and the temperatures are in degrees Centigrade.

Example 1 .Paint 130 parts of an emulsion paint having a 75% content of solid substances and consisting of Parts of chalk 36 Parts of titanium dioxide 9 Parts of Mowilite DO 25 (Hoechst) 22.5 Parts of Belloid TD 0.5

Parts of pigment paste of about 60 solid component Parts of water ad 100.

are mixed with 8 parts of a 25% stock solution of 4- chloro-acetyl-diphenyl sulphone (I) or 4-chloroacetyl-4'- chlorodiphenyl sulphide (II) or 4-chloroacetyl-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether (III), ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dimethyl formamide 1:1 serving as solvents. This produces a paint which contains 2% of active substance calculated on the solid content. In the same way, using 1.6 or 0.32 parts of active substances, paints are produced which contain 0.4 and 0.08% respectively of active substance calculated on the solid content.

Pieces of cardboard made from wood pulp of about 1 mm. thickness and 6 x 6 cm. square are so painted on both sides that, per sq. metre, 200 grammes of each of the 3 previously prepared mixtures are evenly applied (='l.44 g./ 72 cm. The cardboard pieces are dried for some days and then subjected to the biological test in the following way:

A pumice stone plate of 6 x 6 x 0.5 cm. is laid in a petri dish of 10 cm. diameter and covered with a 6 x 6 cm. glase plate. The pumice stone plate is saturated with distilled water. The piece of cardboard to be tested is laid on the glass plate and inoculated with 1 ml. of a suspension of spores 'of the following composition:

Inoculum: 10 ml. of Czapek solution are added to 14 day old slant agar culture of the fungus Trichoderma viride and the surface of the culture is carefully scraped and suspended; it is then filtered through fibreglass the filtrate is used as inoculum. The petri dishes are then closed and the culture is incubated for 10 days at 28 C. The development of a fungi growth is then estimated.

RESULTS Example 2.Plasticiser for synthetic resins The active substance 4,4'-bis-chloroacetyl-diphenyl ether is dissolved in suitable concentrations in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether:

4 parts of this solution are mixed with 5 parts of dioctyl sebacate. The insensitivity of the plasticiser so obtained to fungal and bacterial attack is tested as follows: This plasticiser mixture is added to 91 parts of nutrient agar and the agar mixture is poured into plates. After solidifying, inoculation is made with a 14 day old culture of Aspergillus oryzae or with a 24 hours old culture of Escherichia coli 96. The inoculum is obtained as follows:

10 ml. of physiological sodium chloride solution are added to each of 14 day old slant agar cultures of Aspergillus oryzae or of 24 hour old slant agar cultures of Escherichia coli 96. The surface of the cultures is carefully scraped and suspended. The suspension is then filtered through fibreglass and the filtrate is used as inoculum.

The nutrient agar used for Aspergillus oryzae is Sabouraud-Maltose: mineral salt agar 1:20. If Esche richia coli 96 is inoculated, the nutrient agar is nutrient agar: mineral salt agar=1:20.

The ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solutions contain so much active substance that the concentrations, calculated on the plasticiser, are 2.0%, 0.4% and 0.08%. The plates inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae are left for 10 days at 28 C., whilst those inoculated with Escherichia coli 96 are kept for 48 hours at 37 C. The development of the organisms on the agar surface is then judged.

TABLE Concentrations, Percent Aspergillus oryzae Escherichia coli 96 N0 growth. Do. Do.

do Growth Example 3.Applicati0n to cotton Active substance I=4-chloroacetyl-3-chlorodiphenyl ether is dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the concentrations of (a) 1.04 g./l. (grammes/litre) (b) 5.2 g./l. (c) 26.0 g./l.

and active substance II=4-chloroacetyl-diphenylmethane is also dissolved in the same solvent in concentrations of (d) 1.04 g./l. (e) 5.2 g./l. (f) 26.0 g./l.

Cotton cambric is dipped for 10 seconds at room temperature in the solution (a), (b), or (c) or in (d), (e) or (f) (liquor ratio 1:10) and the fabric is then wrung out through a mangle to an increase in weight of 38%. In this way, the fabric is impregnated with the following amounts of active substance, calculated on the weight of the fibre:

Percent (a) or (d) 0.04 (b) or (e) 0.2 (c) or (f) 1.0

The fabric is dried in the air and, after complete evaporation olf of the solvent, subjected to biological test.

A similar fabric is treated in the same way but only in the solvent without the addition of active substance and this serves as control.

(1) Growth test.Circles of 40 mm. diameter of the fabric are placed on an agar plate which has been pre viously inoculated with Aspergillus niger and the plate is kept for 10 days at 28 C. and relative humidity.

7 it the end of this time the fungus growth is judged which ed to the results given in the table for the correspondng impregnations.

Circles each of 38 mm. diameter are out from the same Jie-ces of material (a), (b) and (c) or (d), (e) or (f) 1nd the control and used for the following rotting test:

(2) Chaetomiam test.TWo circular patterns of each naterial are placed on a suitable mineral salt agar plate and inoculated with 1 ml. of a freshly prepared suspenilOIl of spores of a 10 day old culture of Chaetomiam zlobosam. The plates are left for 10 days at 28 C. and relative humidity, then the patterns are cleaned, :onditioned and their resistance to perforation is tested. ["he results are expressed in percent of the remaining nechanical solidity calculated on the original solidity nefore the test. The results obtained by this process are given in the table.

(3) Earth burial test.TWO circular patterns of each at the treated fabrics are laid in 500 ml. jam jars, which were then filled with compost earth of the following composition: 50% of compost, 30% cow dung and 20% sand. The moisture of the earth was 30%. The samples were left for 14 days at 28 C. They were then :leaned and the resistance to perforation was tested.

diameter. These are placed on nutrient agar plates to which 50 ppm. of potassium tellurite have been added and which have been inoculated with Bacillus mesentericas and the plates are then left for 48 hours at 37 C. After that time, the growth on the fabric is judged visually.

What is claimed is: 1. An antimicrobic composition comprising as an active ingredient the compound of the formula The results are expressed in percent of the remaining 01011200 mechanical solidity, calculated on the original solidity before the test. The results given in the table were ob- X tainedby this process. wherein RESULTS Growth test Chaetomium test Earth burial test Growth on Resistance to perlo- Resistance to perfotest sample ration of test ration of test sample, percent sample, percent Treatment with solvent Strong 0 0 one. Active substance' None 100 16 d 100 94 100 100 87 0 100 74 100 92 Example 4.Applicati0n t0 wool Active substance I=4-chloroacetyl-3-chlorodiphenyl ether is dissolved in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether in the concentrations of (a) 8.0 g./l. (b) 40.0 g./l.

and active substance II=4-chloroacetyl-diphenylmethane is also dissolved in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether in the concentrations (c) 8.0 g./l. (d) 40.0 g./l.

Wool muslin is dipped for 10 seconds at room temperature in the solution (a) or (b) or in (c) or (d) (liquor ratio 1:10) and squeezed out through a mangle to a 25% increase in weight. In this way, the fibre is impregnated with the following amounts of active substance, calculated on the weight of the fibre:

Percent (a) or (c) 0.2 (b) or (d) 1.0

X is a member selected from the group consisting of -O, S, SO, SO and -CH R is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine, nitro and methylsulphonyl, and

n is an integer from zero to one, in the presence of an inert carrier,

2. A method for disinfecting and protecting a site from fungi and bacteria which comprises applying to such site a disinfecting composition containing as an active ingredient the compound of formula wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of O-, -S, SO-, SO and CH R is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine, nitro and methylsulphonyl, and

n is an integer from zero to one.

No references cited.

LEWIS GOTTS, Primary Examiner.

RICHARD L. HUFF, Assistant Examiner. 

1. AN ANTIMICROBIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING AS AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT THE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA 